Rangkuman Biologi Kelas VII (Versi Bahasa Inggris)

A.     Scientific work

1.       Definition

-          Biology is the study of living things.

2.       Scientific method

-          The scientific method is a method which is composed of a systematic steps used to solve the problem.

3.       Microscope

-          The microscope used to observe material or a very small organisms

B.      Characteristics and Classification of Living Things

1.      Characteristics of Living Things

-          Moving

-          Eat

-          Irritabilita

-          Breathing

-          Growing

-          Removing the waste

-          Breed 

-          Adapting

2.       Classification of Living Things

-          Classification is a way of learning objects by looking at the similarities & differences in the characteristics of living things

-          Scientific naming method:

·         Every living thing has a name that comprises two Latin words

·         The first word indicates the second word indicates the genus & species

·         Posting the name in italics / underlined.

-          The 5 kingdom:

·         Monera

·         Prosista

·         Fungi

·         Plantae

·         Animalia

C.      Life organization

1.       Cell

-          Cells are the smallest units making up the organism

-          Cell structure

·         Cell membrane 

·         Cytoplasm

·         cell nucleus

·         Mitochondria

·         Ribosomes

·         Endoplasmic reticulum 

·         Golgi Body

·         Lysosomes (only in animal cells)

·         Centrioles

·         Vacuoles

·         Plastids

·         Cell wall

2.       Tissues

-          Tissues is a collection of cells that have the same form and function

-          Based on the ability of cells to divide, plant tissues are distinguished:

·         Tissues meristem (actively dividing)

·         Permanent tissues (not actively dividing)

-          Animal tissues:

·         Epithelial tissues

·         Muscle tissue

·         Neural tissues

·         Advocates tissues

3.       Organs

-          Organ = collection of tissues that work together to perform a specific task.

4.       Organ system 

-          Organ systems: organs that work together perform certain functions in the body 

-          Scheme compilers of the body's levels of organisms

Molecules -> cell -> Network -> organs -> organ systems -> organism-> population ->Community -> ecosystems -> biomes -> biosphere

D.     Ecosystem

1.       Ecosystem units

-          Individuals

-          Population

-          Community

-          Ecosystems

-          Biomes

-          Biosphere

2.       Ecosystem components

-          Abiotic Components

·         Water

·         Land

·         Air

·         Sunlight

-          Biotic components:

·         Manufacturers

·         Consumers

·         Decomposers

3.       Interaction Patterns

-          Parasitism

-          Mutualism

-          Komensalisme

-          Amensalisme

4.       Inter-Component Dependence biotic

-          The food chain

·         The process of energy transfer through the process of consuming food that make up a particular circuit.

·         Patterns of food chain

Manufacturers => Consumer I => Consumer II => Consumer III => Decomposers

E.      Biodiversity Conservation

1.       Causes of Scarcity

-          A low reproductive rate

-          Natural disasters

2.       Preservation efforts

-          Introduce / socialize plants & animals

-          Establish a conservation area

F.       Human Population Density

1.       Cause

-          Birthrate (births)

-          Mortality (death rate)

-          Migration (population movements)

2.       Due to population density

-          Decrease of clean air & water

-          Food shortages

-          Lack of land settlement

-          The decline in the quality of human

-          Etc.

3.       Population growth control effort

-          Implement family planning program

-          Improving the quality of community life

-          Creating employment

-          Increase food production

-          Delaying age at marriage

G.     Environmental Pollution

-          Pollution is the introduction of organic or inorganic materials or organisms into the environment & organisms in the environment can interfere

-          Water pollution

-          Pollution of soil

-          Air pollution

-          Pollution sound